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         article-type="Research Paper"
         xml:lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Materia Novum: The Journal of Homoeopathy</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Materia Novum</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2583-4398</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Materia Novum: The Journal of Homoeopathy</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.67286/mhmc.v10.i2.000005</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">Materia Novum2100005</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Etiology: The etiology of primary dysmenorrhea not exactly known, but the explanation attaches  to dysmenorrhea is  increase in prostaglandins that results contraction of uterus. Contractions leads to cramps due to limitation of blood flow.2</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Gharte1</surname>
            <given-names>Dr. Mita</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Yadav1</surname>
            <given-names>Dr.Ravind</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Nimbhore1</surname>
            <given-names>Dr.Vishal</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Shaikh1</surname>
            <given-names>Dr. Noozat</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">Motiwala National Homoeopathic Medical College and Hospital, Nashik</aff>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2026-07-20">
        <month>07</month>
        <day>20</day>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>10</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <fpage>1</fpage>
      <lpage>7 Pages</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons license.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <p>Background: Primary dysmenorrhea is a spasmodic, painful cramps in lower abdomen. Which begin at the onset of menses in the absence of any pelvic pathology. Its onset occurs mainly during adolescence. In associated with systemic symptoms such as vomiting , nausea, fatigue ,diarrhea, insomnia frequently accompanied with  pain. 
Objective: This study evaluates the effectiveness of homoeopathic indicated medicine for reducing the intensity of pain in cases of Primary dysmenorrhea. 
Methods: A case series study was conducted at Motiwala (National) 
Homoeopathic Medical College, Nashik, involving 45 patients females age group 
15 to 35 years.After detailed case-taking and repertorisation, homeopathic Indicated medicines were prescribed, with follow-up over 6 months. Results: Out of 45 patients, 41 showed significant improvement, while4experienced significantly Not improved Mean of all 45 patients before intervention NPRS score (8.13) and after intervention NPRS score (3.6) shows that intensity of pain reduced. 
Conclusion: The result of this study suggest that homoeopathic indicated medicine has significantly reduce the intensity of pain in females of age group 15-35years suffering from primary dysmenorrhea. We observed improvement in NPR Scale Score.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group kwd-group-type="author">
        <kwd>Homoeopathic Indicated medicine</kwd>
        <kwd>Primary dysmenorrhea</kwd>
        <kwd>NPRS Scale</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
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</article>
